3月15日,國際知名植物學雜志Plant Physiology刊發了我校棉花遺傳改良團隊題為“Re enhances anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation to produce red foliated cotton and brown fiber”的研究論文,該研究解析了一個海島棉和陸地棉種間雜交獲得的紅色植株突變體的遺傳機制,并利用纖維特異啟動子将該基因在纖維中特異表達,獲得了棕色纖維的棉花。該研究賦能一個普通基因,使其發揮“特殊”功能,開辟了一個創造彩色棉花的新途徑。
棉花是最主要的天然纖維原料,彩色棉是纖維與色素的結合體。天然彩棉可以減少印染過程中的能源消耗與環境污染,在碳中和的大背景下,與綠色節能的生産、消費理念更加契合,也是拓展棉花産業價值的重要方向。目前天然彩棉以棕色和綠色為主,拓展新的彩色棉種質資源是培育彩色棉新品種亟待解決的問題。
在實驗室前期的研究中,在海島棉3-79與陸地棉E22的雜交後代中發現了一個紅株突變體,突變體全株呈現紫紅色,但成熟纖維依舊保持正常白色。經過9代的連續自交,得到純合突變體(ReS9)。利用ReS9與E22構建了含1899株F2隐性單株的群體,通過圖位克隆,将候選基因鎖定在D07号染色體上。通過代謝路徑分析,表達量檢測與TA克隆,最終确定候選基因為MYB113類的轉錄因子,命名為Re。利用35S啟動子驅動Re轉化Jin668,在組織培養的各個時期均觀察到明顯的花青素積累,得到葉片不同程度紅色的轉化系,但是最終成熟的纖維依舊為白色。

圖1. 35S啟動子超表達Re在組織培養各個時期觀察到花青素積累
套袋實驗證明突變體中Re的表達受自然光的誘導。利用突變體、35S啟動子超表達系以及纖維特異表達系在自然光和溫室兩種條件下的轉錄組數據,研究團隊構建了陸地棉中參與色素代謝的核心基因集,并初步構建了Re參與的色素代謝網路。PIF4可能是Re響應自然光的因子,Re可以直接調節類黃酮代謝路徑下遊ANS和UFGT的表達,從而影響PA與花青素的積累。

圖2. Re調控棉花産生紅色植株的遺傳機制
通過纖維特異表達啟動子GbEXPA2的驅動,研究團隊成功地得到在開花後5-10 天的纖維中高量特異表達Re的轉化材料,并獲得植株正常綠色而發育中的纖維呈紫紅色的轉化系。但随着纖維的發育,紫紅色逐漸變淺,最終的成熟纖維呈現出不同程度深淺的棕色。通過檢測纖維中原花色素(PA)與花青素的含量,PA的大量積累是成熟纖維呈棕色的主要原因。

圖3. GbEXP2驅動Re在5-10 DPA纖維中高量特異表達
該實驗結果為彩棉的研究提供了新的思路,為創制更多顔色的棉花纖維奠定了基礎,如何保持花青素在纖維中穩定的積累,以及協調PA等其它代謝物的積累,可能是創制彩色纖維棉花的突破口。
77779193永利官网作物遺傳改良國家重點實驗室林忠旭教授為論文的通訊作者,博士生汪念為第一作者,團隊帶頭人張獻龍教授參與了該研究。本研究受到國家轉基因生物育種重大專項(No. 2016ZX08009001)的資助。感謝本團隊的塗禮莉教授提供纖維特異啟動子,感謝77779193永利官网作物遺傳改良國家重點實驗室生物信息計算平台的支持和幫助。
【英文摘要】
Red foliated cotton is a typical dominant mutation trait in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Although mutants have been described, few responsible genes have been identified and characterized. In this study, we performed map-based cloning of the red foliated mutant gene (Re) derived from the cross between Gossypium hirsutum cv. Emian22 and G. barbadense acc. 3-79. Through expression profiling, metabolic pathway analysis and sequencing of candidate genes, Re was identified as a MYB113 transcription factor. A repeat sequence variation in the promoter region increased the activity of the promoter, which enhanced the expression of Re. Re expression driven by the 35S promoter produced a red foliated phenotype, as expected. When the gene was driven by a fiber elongation–specific promoter, promoter of α-expansin 2 (PGbEXPA2), Re was specifically expressed in 5–10 days post-anthesis (DPA) fibers rather than in other tissues, resulting in brown mature fibers. Re responded to light through phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and formed a dimer with transparent testa 8 (TT8), which increased its expression as well as that of anthocyanin synthase (ANS) and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase (UFGT), and thus activated the entire anthocyanin metabolism pathway. Our research has identified the red foliated mutant gene in cotton, which paves the way for detailed studies of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin metabolism and pigment accumulation in cotton and provides an alternative strategy for producing brown fiber.
論文鍊接:
https://academic.oup.com/plphys/advance-article/doi/10.1093/plphys/kiac118/6548804?searchresult=1